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The PPTS of UNIT 5 Fuels and Combustion[Engineering Thermodynamics ,SPPU]covers all topics explained one by one on total 28 slide shares. and each can be explained in short below
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For or other PPTs like unit1 which covers Lecture 1, Lacture2, Lacture3 and Lecture 4 similarly unit 2 covers ideal Gas and Second law of thermodynamics unit3 covers Entropy and availability unit4 covers properties of pure substance , thermodynamics of vapour cycle unit 5 covers Fuel and combustion and unit 6 steam generator and boiler draft.
FUELS & COMBUSTIONS
syllabus cover on a slides are..
Types of fuels, Proximate and ultimate analysis of fuel, Combustion theory, Combustion Equations, Theoretical and Excess air requirements, Equivalence ratio, Analysis of products of combustion, Calorific value - HCV & LCV. Bomb and Boys gas Calorimeters. Flue Gas Analysis using Orsat Apparatus, Exhaust Gas analyser, Enthalpy of formation, Adiabatic flame temperature.
FUELS:
Fuels can be defined as the source of heat energy which is released in a reactive system by chemical or nuclear reaction.
The mixture of fuel and air is called reactant’s(R).
The products of combustion formed are called products(P).
Heat Is released during the combustion process called as Exothermic reaction.
Heat is absorbed during combustion reaction is called as Endothermic reaction.
1) SOLID FUELS-
This type of fuels include natural fuels like-anthracite, wood, peat, lignite, bituminous, charcoal etc.
a)TYPES OF ANALYSIS OF SOLID FUELS
1) Proximate analysis- This is used for
commercial purposes.
2) Ultimate analysis- This is useful thermodynamic
analysis of reactive system and for combustion
calculations.
2)GASEOS FUELS-
Acetylene(C2H2),Methane(CH4),
Ethylene(C2H4),Blast furnace Gas , Producer
gas etc. are gaseous fuels
IN GASEOUS FUELS-
Smoke and ash are eliminated.
System is neat and clean.
Economy in consumption.
3)ALTERNATIVE FUELS-
BIOGAS ,BAGASSE ,L.P.G.,C.N.G.,etc. are alternative fuels
Primary fuels
Secondary fuels.
(a) Primary Fuels : They are naturally occurring fuels which serves as source of energy without any chemical processing.
Ex: Wood, Coal, Crude oil, Natural gas, Peat, Lignite, Anthracite.
(b) Secondary Fuels : They are derived from primary fuels & serve as a source of energy only after subjecting to chemical processing. Ex. : Charcoal, Coke, producer gas, Petrol, Diesel etc.
Requirement of a Good Fuels
There are many requirements of a good fuel, yet, the following are important as mentioned below :
1. A good fuel should have a low ignition point.
2. It should have a high calorific value.
3. It should freely burn with a high efficiency, once ignited.
4. It should not produce harmful gases.
5. It should produce least quantity of smoke and gases.
6. It should be economical, easy to store and convenient for transportation.
SYMBOLS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
Elements / Compounds / Gases | Molecule | Atom | ||
Symbol | Molecular weight | Symbol | Molecular weight | |
Hydrogen | H2 | 2 | H | 1 |
Oxygen | O2 | 32 | O | 16 |
Nitrogen | N2 | 28 | N | 14 |
Carbon | C | 12 | C | 12 |
Sulphur | S | 32 | S | 32 |
Water | H2O | 18 | – | – |
Carbon monoxide | CO | 28 | – | – |
Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 44 | – | – |
Sulphur dioxide | SO2 | 64 | – | – |
Marsh gas (Methane) | CH4 | 16 | – | – |
Ethylene | C2H4 | 28 | – | – |
Ethane | C2H6 | 30 | – | – |
The basic combustion equation can be written as,
2H2+O2 2H2O
2 moles of H2+1 mole of O2 2 mole of H2O
2 volumes of H2 +1 volume of O2 2 volume of H2O
4 kg H2 + 32 kg O2 36 kg H2O
1 kg H2 + 8 kg O2 9 kg H2ODETERMINATION OF FUEL GAS ANALYSIS BY MASS AND BY VOLUME
(a) Procedure of conversion of mass analysis of fuel gases into volumetric analysis.
(b) Procedure of conversion of volumetric analysis into mass analysis or gravimetric analysis.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ULTIMATE ANALYSIS AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
Sr. No. | Parameter | Ultimate analysis | Proximate analysis |
1. | Constituents | Complete breakdown of coal into chemical constituents | Complete breakdown of coal into physical constituents |
2. | Analysis gives percentage | This analysis gives percentage of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, Sulphur and ash. | This analysis gives percentage of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash. |
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For or other PPTs like unit1 which covers Lecture 1, Lacture2, Lacture3 and Lecture 4 similarly unit 2 covers ideal Gas and Second law of thermodynamics unit3 covers Entropy and availability unit4 covers properties of pure substance , thermodynamics of vapour cycle unit 5 covers Fuel and combustion and unit 6 steam generator and boiler draft.
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